Calculate cold welding deformation requirements, surface expansion ratio, and bonding pressure for pressure welding without heat
Input Parameters
Results
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Required Deformation
%
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Final Joint Thickness
mm
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Bonding Pressure
MPa
--
Required Force
kN
Note: Cold welding requires large plastic deformation to break surface oxide films and create metal-to-metal contact. Soft, ductile metals with thin oxides weld most easily.
Reference
Cold Welding:
Required deformation: 30-70% (material dependent)
Bonding pressure: P = sigma_y * k * ln(1/(1-e))
e = deformation ratio, k = work hardening factor
Force = pressure x overlap area
Surface must be clean and oxide-free