Note: Explosion welding bonds dissimilar metals (e.g., titanium-steel, aluminum-steel). Detonation velocity must exceed sonic velocity in flyer for jetting.
Reference
Explosion Welding:
Standoff ~ 1.0-1.5 x flyer thickness
Flyer velocity (Gurney): Vp = Vd * sqrt(2R/(1+R))
R = explosive mass / flyer mass ratio
Collision point velocity = detonation velocity
KE = 0.5 * rho * t * Vp^2