Weld Shrinkage Calculator
Estimate transverse and longitudinal shrinkage for planning allowances.
Typical Shrinkage Values
| Joint Type | Transverse | Longitudinal |
|---|---|---|
| Butt (V-groove) | 1.5-3 mm | 0.5-1 mm/m |
| Butt (Square) | 0.5-1.5 mm | 0.3-0.8 mm/m |
| Fillet (Single) | 0.3-0.8 mm | 0.2-0.5 mm/m |
| Fillet (Double) | 0.5-1.2 mm | 0.3-0.7 mm/m |
Understanding Weld Shrinkage
Transverse Shrinkage Formula (Butt Welds)
Delta = 0.2 x Aw / t + 0.05 x d (where Aw = weld cross-section area, t = thickness, d = root gap)
Types of Shrinkage
- Transverse Shrinkage: Contraction perpendicular to weld axis - most significant
- Longitudinal Shrinkage: Contraction along weld length - typically smaller
- Angular Distortion: Rotation about weld axis due to uneven heating
- Rotational Distortion: In-plane rotation at joint ends
Shrinkage Control Methods
- Pre-setting: Set parts with reverse distortion before welding
- Restraint: Use fixtures to resist movement during cooling
- Balanced Welding: Alternate sides to balance shrinkage forces
- Backstep Sequence: Weld in opposite direction to progression
- Preheat: Reduces temperature differential and shrinkage stress